Previous generations of chemists would often heat chemicals with electrical heating mantles. Microwave synthesizers are a much more modern way to carry out high temperature chemical reactions. They can even be automated to run many reactions overnight. Running a chemical reaction at the boiling point of the solvent is called reflux. Microwave synthesizers allow a chemist to easily run a reaction at a temperature well above the boiling point of the solvent. Since reactions tend to be twice as fast with each ten degrees centigrade that the temperature is increased, reactions that would take days can sometimes be finished in an hour.
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